Aeration of liquids.



No 715,658; Pat ented D801 9. I902.

F., a. HAMPSON & H. SWALES.

AERATION 0F LIQUIDS.

(Application filed July 8, 1901.) (No Modl.) 9 Sheets-Shoot l.

Patented Dec. 9. I902.

- F. G; HAMPSON &. H. SWALES.

AERATION 0F LIQUIDS.

(Application filed July 8, 1901.)

v 9sneats-s mt'2.

(No modal.)

THE nonn s PETERS no. FNOTOLITHO WASHINGTON. n c.

Patented Dec. 9'. I902.

F. G. HAMPSON & H. SWALES.

9 Shaets $hoat 4.

AERAT'ION 0F LIQUIDS.

(n6 Iodsl.)

Tu: Norms PETERS co. PHOTO-DINO" wiysnmomk. n. c.

Patented Dec. 9.- I902.

.FQG. HAMPSON & H.'SWALES.

AEBATIUN U F LIQUIDS.

(Application filed July 3, 1901.)

. lib low.)

9 Sheets-Shoot '5.

n .N /-I M K. EN 5R .NEN. H N //A// ,,,,,..,H,.-...:.H- E mww p V/AZZ/ Vm. a w KEQM No. 7|5,e5s. Patented Dec. 9. I902.

' F. G. HAMPSON & H. sw ALEs.

AERATION 0F LIQUIDS.

Application filed July 3, 1901.)

(No'lludaL) 9 Sheets-Sheet 6.

hdmf 4&

(No Model.)

m F1 esscsr I PatentedDao. 9. I902; F. G.v HA MPSON & H. SWALES.AERATION 0F LIQUIDS.

(Application filed July 3, 1901.)

9 sheetv- -slleet 7.

Patented Doc. 9. I902.

F. G. HAMPSON &. l-l. SWALES.

AERATiON or uuums.

lApplication filed July 8, 1901.)

9 Sheets-Sheet (No Models) m: NORRIS PETERS co, mowuma. wuumcvon. n. :4"

Nl'lE. STATES ATENT OFFICE.

FRANK GEORGE HAMPSON, OF OLAPHAM, AND HARRY SYVALES, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

AERATION OF LIQUIDS- SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No.715,658, dated December 9, 1902.

Application filed July 3, 1901.

T0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that W6,FRANK GEORGE HAMP- SON, residing at Olapham, countyof Surrey, and HARRY SWALES, residing at London, England, subjects ofthe King of England, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin or Relating to the Aeration of Liquids, (for which we have madeapplication for Letters Patent in Great Britain under No. 9,287, datedMay 4, 1901; No. 10,166, dated May 16, 1901; No. 10,798, dated May 25,1901, and No. 11,612, dated June 6,-1901,) of which the following is aspecification.

This inventionrelates to the aerating of liquids, and has for its chiefobject to construct an apparatus which can be utilized with an ordinaryliquid and gas supply.

According to this invention the liquid and gas are supplied fromseparate sources, the gas preferably being supplied under pressure froma chamber or container and the liquid from one or more reservoirs orother convenient sources of supply. The gas-chamber andliquid-reservoirs are placed in communication with an apparatus whichwhen manipulated in a suitable manner will cause a mixing receptacle orchamber to be filled with the liquid and the latter to be aerated by thegas, the aerated product being delivered from the receptacle asrequired.

According to one form the above-mentioned apparatus is so constructedthat the receptacle is normally empty, but can be filled by rotating orotherwise operating ahandle-spindle or similar contrivance, whereby gasand liquid are admitted to the receptacle, the supply beingautomatically cut off and the aerated liquid delivered when thereceptacle is full or when the internal pressure reaches a predeterminedlimit. According to another arrangement the receptacle is normally fullof aerated liquid, in which case the liquid may be discharged by theoperation of a handle or spindle, as above mentioned, or the aeratedliquid may be discharged by rotating or otherwise moving a handleorspindle in one direction, the reverse movement of the spindle closingthe discharge-outlet and admitting to the chamber a fresh supply ofliquid or gas.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a sec- Serial No. 67,035 (Nomodel.)

tional elevation,and Fig. 2 a front elevation,of an installation forsupplying aerated liquid in accordance with our invention. Fig. 3 is asectional elevation of one formof the aerating-chamber and partsconnected therewith, the chamber being normally empty. Figs. 4, 5, and'6 are transverse sections on the line a; x of Fig. 3 of the means foroperating the discharge-valve. Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of amodified construction in which the chamber is normally filled withaerated liquid. Figs. 8, 9, and 10 are details of the valve-operatingmechanism. Fig. 11 is a sectional elevation of another modifiedarrangement of valve-operating mechanism so arranged that the chamber isnormally filled with aerated liquid. Fig. 12 is-a sectional elevation ofa further modification of valveoperating mechanism. Fig. 13 is asectional elevation of the pressure-indicating device, and Fig. 1 1asectional elevation of the pressure-reducing valve for the supply-pipes.

A is the gas-receptacle.

' B represents reservoirs for liquid to be aerated.

O is a mixing or aerating chamber or receptacle.

D is the casing, and E the water-supply pipe.

The aerating-receptacle O is mounted upon one side of the casing D, towhich it is connected by screws D. The reservoirs containing the liquidto be aerated are mounted on the top of the said casing, thegas-receptacle A being carried on suitable supports D within the casing.The water is supplied to the receptacle by the pipe E either direct fromthe main or from any other suitable source of supply. Within the casingD-is an ice-box or c00ling-chamber/D in which the waterpipe E is coiled,and, if desired, the pipes connected with the reservoirs B may also beled through this cooling-box.

The water-pipe E, the gas-pipe A, and the pipes B, leading from thereservoirs B, pass through an opening in the wall D of the easing and,as shown in Fig. 3, along the hollow support 0 of the receptacle 0. Theapparatus illustrated in Fig. 3 is so arranged that the receptacle O isnormally empty.

The water-pipe E opens into a chamber E,

the gas-pipe A into a chamber A and the pipes B into a chamber 13 Thesechambers E, A and B are disposed coaxially and are preferably formed byarranging a series of disks, each having a peripheral flange on one sideand a central apertured hub projecting on the other side. These disksare disposed one against the other within the hollow extension orSupport O and so that the hub of one disk projects into the aperture ofthe hub of the next succeeding disk, the apertures being so regulated asto leave an annular space between the outer wall of one hub and theinner wall of the succeeding hub. Each chamber has an annular orifice ordeliverypassage extending through the hub-aperture, whereby theycommunicate with the receptacle O in such a way that all the orificesmay be simultaneously controlled by the conical valve F.

An additional chamber G, arranged coaxially with the other chambers, isnot provided with an outlet-orilice controlled by the valve F, butcommunicates with the aerating-receptacle by means of a pipe G and withthe atmosphere through openings G which are controlled by a valve G Thespindle of the Valve G extends through an opening in the conical valve Fand is provided at its inner end with a piston orenlarged head G adaptedto slide in a chamber F on the valve. The spring F is situated betweenthe enlarged head Gr and the end of the chamber and retains the valve G3against the openings G and tending also to force the valve F against theopening at the inner ends of the several hubs. The valve G serves toallow of the pressure in the chamber 0 to be reduced before the aeratedliquid is delivered, as will be hereinafter described.

The chamber into which the coaxial delivery-passages open and whereinthe liquid and gas mingle and from which the aerated liquid is deliveredis preferably formed of metal and in such a manner that ready access maybe had to its interior for cleansing and other purposes, and it may beof anysuitable shape, size, and construction.

The mechanism for controlling the supply of liquid and gas, thereduction of pressure in the receptacle, and the deliveryof the aeratedliquid comprises the conical valve F and the valve G The cylindricalpart F of the valve F is provided with an outwardly-extending flange Fwhich engages with an inwardlyextending flange F on asleeve F, connectedto the rotatable member F bya pin F orin any other suitable manner. Theflanges are so arranged as to allow the valve F to be moved onto or offits seat without being rotated with the member F. In the constructionshown in Fig. 3 on the end of the rotatable member F is formed aleft-handed screw-thread F, which engages with a correspondingscrewthread F on the part 0 of the casing, which extends for somedistance into the aeratingreceptacle. The body of the rotatable member Fis cut away in part to form a cam-stil face (see Figs. 4, 5, and 6)adapted to bear against a projection H on the end of the rod I of thedelivery-valve 1 which slides in a guide-tube C and is controlled in onedirection by a spring I, placed between the end of the tube and theenlarged head of the valve-stem. The cam-surface normally when rotatedpresses against its seat on the outletorifice O and the spring I tendsto raise the valve off its seat to open this orifice.

The screw-thread is preferably left-handed, so that the motion to movethe valve F off its seat is a right-handed one.

C is a stuffing-gland to prevent the liquid in the aerating-chamber fromescaping between the valve-operating spindle F and its casing. The endof the rotatable member F in which the spindle is mounted is providedinternally with a longitudinal square orsimilar hole, into which looselyfits the similarlyshaped end portion F of the valve-spindle, so that thelatter rotates with the member F but is capable of independentlongitudinal or axial movement. On the outer end the spindle hasattached to it a cap-shaped head F which is provided with a stud F soarranged that when the cap and spindle are turned sufficiently to openthe supply valve the necessary amount it will run up an inclined surfaceC of the casing C and thereafter engage with the recess in thecam-surface. The spindle has connected to it one end of a coiled springF, the other end of which is attached to the casing, the arrangementbeing such that the spring tends to return the spindle to its normalposition, in which the valve F is firmly on its seat.

In the normal or general condition of the apparatus the conicalinlet-valve F is on its seat, so as to close the inlet-orifices, thepressure-reducing valve G beingheld open by the end of the rotatablemember F while the outlet-valve G is also open, as shown in Fig. 4. Whenit is desired to use the apparatus, the cylinder F is turned to theright to rotate the spindle, and with it the member F The rotatablemember moves axially under the influence of the screw-threads F and Fand the spindle F moves axially independent of the member F under theaction of the incline C. After the spindle has moved through aquarter-turn the pressure-reducing valve is closed by the spring F theinlet-orifices are just about to be opened, and the dischargevalve isclosed, as shown in Fig. 5. On rotating the spindle for anotherquarter-turn the pin F snaps into the recess (3 and the discharge-valveis still kept closed by the member F which is now in the position shownin Fig. 6. Theinlet-orifice is now fully open, while thepressure-reducing valve is drawn still farther on its seat by the springconsequent on the relative movement of the part F and the slide Gr ofthe valve-spindle.

The liquid in the receptacle 0 has access to the inner end of thevalve-operating spin- IIO dle in the interior of the rotatable member Fthrough the opening F formed in the walls of the member by cutting awaya part thereof, and when the receptacle is filled or when the pressuretherein has reached a predetermined limit this pressure acts on theflange F on the end of the valve-operating spindle, moving the spindleaxially outward, and thereby releases the pin F from engagement with therecess C as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. By this movement thespindie is caused to rotate and return to its normal position under theaction of the spring F thereby returning the valve F to its seat andcutting off further supply of liquid and gas to the receptacle. Thisaction brings the cam on the rotatable member F out of engagement withthe end H of the discharge valve rod I, so that this valve is opened bythe spring I and aerated liquid delivered from the chamber.

Just previous to the discharge of the liquid through the orifice C andwhen the valve F has returned to its seat under the act-ion of thespring F or by the end of the member F bearing against the flange F topress the valve onto its seat the pressure of the liquid within thereceptacle, acting on the end G of the stem of the valve G forces it offits seat, thereby allowing the excess gas from the receptacle to pass bythe pipe G chamber G, and the openings G to the atmosphere, so that thepressure in the receptacle is reduced before the liquid is'delivered.The reason for the pressure not operating this pressurereducing valvepreviously is that when the spindle is rotated by hand to move themember F and lift the valve F off its seat the spring F is contracted;but when the pressure acting on the flange F returns the member F andvalve F the spring F is released, so that the pressure in the vessel isstrong enough to move the pressure-reducing valve off its seat. IVhenthis has happened, the member F has cleared the end of the valvespindleI, and the reduction of the pressure permits the spring I to open theoutlet-valve.

Instead of the valve G3 being pushed off its seat by the pressure of theliquid on the head of the spindle or in addition to that pressure theend of the rotatable member may be caused to bear against the end of thevalvestem as the said member slides longitudinally.

Instead of the cam-surface C and recess 0 being formed on the casingthey may be formed on the handle F of the spindle F, the pin F beingcarried on the casing, and instead of forming a screwthread on therotatable member to engage with a corresponding thread on the casing wemay form a camgroove on either of its parts to receive a pin orprojection on the other part.

A convenient addition to the receptacle G is an indicator to show thepressure in the receptacle. Thisindicatorconvenientlycomprises: Atubular extension or chamber J mounted on the top of the receptacle 0,(see its adjusted position.

Fig. 13,) and in this chamber is disposed a piston J, having anupwardly-extending rod J which passes through the top of the chamher andcarries an index-finger J adapted to travel in front of a scale J Thepiston is pressed normally downward by a spring J so as to retain thefinger at the zero of the scale; but when the pressure in theaeratingreceptacle reaches a predetermined limit the piston is forcedupward against the action of the spring and the pressure in thereceptacle is indicated upon the scale.

The pressure of the gas or liquid may be reduced before they enter theaerating-chamber by means of the pressure-reducing device K, (see Fig.14,) which is connected to the pipes supplying the liquid and gas. Theliquid or gas enters the device through opening K, which leads into thechamber K the outlet of which is situated in a diaphragm K and isnormally closed by a valve K The rod K of the valve K is connected to apiston K moving in a chamber K on the side of the diaphragm remote fromthe inlet-opening K, in which is the outlet K of the device. The curvedor convex side K of the piston bears against the rubber diaphragm K uponthe upper side of which a curved or convex disk K is pressed by a springK The power of the spring can be regulated by turning theadjusting-screw K which may be provided with a lock-nut K to retain itin Normally the valve is kept open, so that the liquid or gas can passthrough the device; but when a predetermined pressure is exceeded thepiston is forced upward and closes the valve.

In place of a rotary action to efiect the opening and closing of thesupply-valve the operating-spindle may be arranged to have an axial orlongitudinal movement, such as would result from pressing on a buttoncarr-ied on the end of a spindle. In this arrangement the axial movementmay impart the necessary movement to the rotatablemember by,rack-and-pinion or worm gear, or a system of levers may be used,whereby the valve when the end of the spindle is pressed will bedirectly lifted off its seat.

Any convenient form of mixing device of the nature of a fan, paddle,conveyer-worm or other type of mechanism may be utilized to assist ineifecting an intimate mingling of the gas and liquid as they enter thereceptacle.

In some cases in order to insure proper aeration of the water thereceptacle may be so arranged on bearings that it may be ro 'tated aboutthe axis of the operating-spindle thread F on the rotatable member isrighthanded instead of left-handed, and the conical valve F is soarranged that it is normally ofi its seat, but is forced onto its seatby the manipulation of the operating-handle. The cam part of therotatable member F controlling the movement of the outlet-valve I isalso modified. The automatic device whereby the operating-handle F isreturned to its normal position consists, preferably, with thismodification in arranging the mechanism so that after each manipulationthe pin or stud F on the handle will be disengaged from its recess, sothat the handle may be returned to its normal position and the valve Flifted off its seat. This will effect the closing of the outlet-valve Iand since the valve F is open the aeratingchamber will be filled withliquid and gas and the liquid aerated in readiness to be withdrawn.

Another modified construction of the apparatus normally filled withaerated liquid is illustrated in Figs. 7 to 10. In this case thescrew-thread on the rotary member is replaced by a cam-groove F intowhich enters a pin or projection F on the casing of the receptacle. Adeveloped view of the cam C for cooperating with the pin F of the cap Fis shown in Fig. 8, a similar view of the cam-groove F in Fig. 9, andthe positions of the rotatable member F- during a complete cycle ofoperations are shown in Fig. 10, the positions marked 1, 2, 3, and t inthese figures denoting the positions of the different parts at the sametime. In the normal or general condition of this apparatus thereceptacle being filled the inlet-orifices are closed by the valve F andthe pressurereducing valve is also shut while the discharge-valve iskept against its seat by the pressure of the aerated liquid in thechamber. WVhen itis desired to deliver the aerated liquid from thereceptacle, the head F is rotated through a sixth of a revolution, andin passing from the position 1 to the position 2 (see Fig. 8) the pin Frims up the face of the cam C, causing the spindle to move axiallyoutward, and then enters the recess C The member F rotates with thespindle and also slides longitudinally under the action of the pin F inthe groove F into the position 2. (See Fig. 9.) In this position theinletvalve F is raised off its seat, so that the inlet-orifices areopened, and the pressure-reducing valve remains closed, while thedischarge-valve is kept closed by the cam part of the member F Theopening of the inletorifices is only momentary, as they are again closedwhen the pin enters the recess as the rotation of the spindle iscontinued, and as the chamber is already full and the outletvalve closedno liquid or gas enter the chamber. By the continued rotation of thespindle through another sixth of a revolution the parts travel fromposition 2 to the position 3, (see Figs. 8, 9, 10,) in which positionthe inletorifices, the pressure-reducing valve, and the discharge-valveare all shut and the rotatable member has moved longitudinally in theopposite direction to its previous movement under the influence of thepin F movingin the groove F and the collar or head F within the memberF' comes into contact with the head Gon the spindle ofthe valve G Aftera further rotation of the spindle through another sixth of a revolutionthe parts reach the position at, in which the opening still remainsclosed, and the rotatable member F is moved out of engagement with theend of the spindle I. Meanwhile the collar F has pushed the valve G3 offits seat, allowing the excess gas in the receptacle to escape thisreduction in pressure, causing the valve I to open under the action ofthe spring I, so that the aerated liquid is delivered. On releasing thehandle F the spindle and rotatable member rotate in a reverse directionunder the action of the spring F to the position 2, Fig. 8, in whichposition the outlet and pressure red ucing-valves I G are closed and theinlet-valve F opened to allow a fresh supply of gas and liquid to enterthe receptacle. "When the chamber is filled, the pressure therein causesthe spindle to slide longitudinally in a manner already described, so asto free the pin from the recess C and allow the spindle to return to itsnormal position 1.

By operating the valves or cocks B of the pipes leading from theliquid-reservoirs the liquid in any of these reservoirs can be admittedto the chamber 13 and thence to the aerating-chamber, or by shutting offall these cocks water alone may be allowed to enter the aerating-chamberand to be aerated and withdrawn as desired.

Water or other liquid to be aerated maybe subjected to the operation ofajet of the gas employed where working merely so as to' spray or atomizethe liquid or mix it with the gas or also serving to suck the liquid, soas to introduce it into the apparatus. In one form of the apparatushereinafter described the liquid is supposed to be supplied from somesuitable source, which in the case of the water may be the house-main.If the latter is used, the water will be under pressure, but, as abovementioned, the jet may operate as an injector and suck the liquid evenfrom a lower level. Anon-return valve is provided, and where pressurehas to be made the valve may becontrolled by one or more springs thetension of which can be adjusted, preferably, externally, so that wherenecessary any excess of pressure of the liquid may be compensated. Thewater supply leads to a jet-nozzle one member of which introduces thecarbonic-acid or other gas, which may come from one of the usualgas-bottles or other suitable source of supply. The supplies of both gasand water may be controlled by suitable taps and valves, as required.

In the constructions illustrated in Fig. 11 the receptacle is normallyfilled with aerated liquid and the water is supplied by the pipe E,which,asin the previousexample, may be connected with the house-main.The waterpipe E leads to a jet-nozzle L through a member L, by which thecarbonic-acid or other gas is introduced by the pipe A',the supply ofboth gas and liquid being regulated as required by-taps or cocks E and AThe entrance to the aerating-chamber in which the jet-nozzle is disposedis provided with a valve-seating, on which is seated a non-return valveM. The gas and liquid entering the receptacle push the valve M from itsseat and the liquid and gas com press the air already within thechamber, so that it raises the piston N until the latter is stopped bythe pressure ofv the spring N. When the valve M is pushed off its seatby the inrush of. the liquid and gas, the head M of the valve bearsagainst an arm M of a bell-crank lever M fulcru med at M and connectedthrough the flexible cord M with the piston N. The non-return valve 0 inthe piston N is controlled by the spring 0, and is so adapted that whenthe piston moves upward a snfficient distance, the head of the valve 0comes into contact with the end of the chamber, and in being presseddownward opens and allows the excess of gas in the receptacle to escapeto the atmosphere through the opening O The rod I of the outlet-valve lis guided in a tube G which in this case is movable longitudinally,being connected to the crank-pin P on the cam P by a rod P The spindle Pconnected to the cam, is operated from the outside of the receptacle bythe handle P After the gas and liquid have entered the receptaclethrough the valve M and the piston has been raised the apparatus maystand in this-condition full of aerated liquid for a considerable time.When it is desired to draw off the aerated liquid, the operator turnsthe handle P thereby moving the cam so as to raise the piston andthrough the flexible connection M the bell-crank lever M so that thelatter forces the non-return valve M onto its The upward movement of thepiston causes the valve 0 to open and permit the gas to escape to theatmosphere through an opening O When the cam is turned, the rod P liftsthe tube 0 and when the spring I is compressed the valve 1 is opened andpermits the aerated liquid to pass from the receptacle through theoutlet-opening 0 Upon the continued turning of the cam the outletvalve 1is closed and the piston N resumes its normal position, thereby closingthe valve 0 and opening the inlet-valve M.

E A are cocks upon the water and gas supply pipes. The water-supply pipeis provided with a pressure-regulator S, in a chamber in which isdisposed a valve S, controlled by a spring S which in the case of thepressure being too small tends to close the valve and when the pressureis too great tends to open it.

It will be appreciated that other devices may be employed for the cam,pawl, crank,

and valve-operating mechanism without departing from the spirit of thisinvention.

In the modified form shown in Fig. 12, which is so arranged that thechamber is normally filled, the jet-nozzle L is employed and anon-return valve for the water or other liquid, as shown in Fig. 11. Thejet is delivered into a conduit terminating in a chamber q, havingperforations or valve-holes Q, communicating with an intermediatechamber Q perforations Q are formed in the Walls of the chamber andcommunicate with a passage Qflthat is open to theatmosphere,and,througha conduit with the interior of the aeratingchamber. The fluidreceiver oraeratingchamber is provided with an outlet-nozzle and outlet-valve asbefore, the valve-stem having at its upper end a piston and a springcompressed between them and the end of the tube in which it lies andserving to maintain the foot-valve normally open.

The above-described apparatus may have the valve-operating mechanism socontrived that the chamber is normally empty. The pressure of the liquidacting on the piston R of the valve normally keeps it in a position toclose the perforations Q but when the operator desires to draw a chargehe pushes the knob R inward, thereby cutting OK thesupply of gas andfluid and at the same time moves the reciprocating valve so that thepiston R closes the holes Q in the chamber and also uncovers the holes Qby which the interior of the receiver is placed in communication withthe atmosphere and the gas is allowed to escape. Atthe same time the endB of the spindle acts to close the inlet-orifice. The escape of the gasrelieves the pressure upon the piston, whereupon the spring opens thefoot-valve and the liquid escapes into the glass or bottle placed toreceive it in a similar manner to the arrangement described withreference to- Figs. 3 and 7. This apparatus may conveniently take theform of a curved standard or arm, which can be secured to a counter,table, 850.,

' and through which the supply-pipes may be led, the outer end ofthe armfrom which the receiver or aerating-chamber depends in a convenientmanner, or the receiver may form part of or be contained in thestandard.

Although we havehitherto spoken of the aerating-chamber C as beingvertical and the outlet-valves Preciprocating in a vertical plane, wewishi'it to be understood that we are not obliged to adopt that positionand can arrange these parts to act in a horizontal or other plane, ifdesired. To increase the eifect of the gas upon the liquid, a fan orother mixing device, operated either by the jet itself or by any othermeans, may be employed, if desired, so that the liquid and gas arecaused to mix intimately before the liquid is withdrawn from the chamberC.

Instead of using the spray or inlet orifices shown with reference toFigs. 3 and 7 or atomizing-nozzle, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, by Whichthe fluid to be aerated is conveyed into the receiver 0 through the sameorifice as the gas, we may employ two orifices independent of eachother, the fluid flowing through one and the gas through the other, themixing or aeration to take place within the receiver.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is

1. In an apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which gas and liquid are admitted from separate sources, the liquidbeing aerated in the chamber and delivered therefrom after reduction ofpressure, of controlling mechanism, means for imparting initial movementmanually to the mechanism, and means whereby the ultimate pressure inthe chamber automatically acts subsequently on the mechanism to controlthe admission of gas and liquid to the chamber, the reduction ofpressure and the discharge from the chamber of the aerated product.

2. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamber inwhich gas and liquid are admitted from separate sources,the liquid beingaerated in the chamber and delivered therefrom after reduction of thepressure, of mechanism controlling the separate supplies of gas andliquid, reduction of the pressure and the discharge of the aeratedproduct,means for actuating the controlling mechanism mechanically andmeans by which the ultimate pressure in the chamber automatically actson the controlling mechanism, substantially in the manner and for thepurpose described.

3. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which gas and liquid are ad mitted from separate sources, theliquid being aerated in the chamber and delivered therefrom afterreduction of pressure, of valve-controlling mechanism, means whereby theultimate pressure in the chamber automatically acts on the controllingmechanism to eifect the cutting off of the supplies of gas and liquidand the opening of a dischargeoutlet for the aerated product.

4. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which gas andliquid are admitted from separate sources, the liquidbeing aerated in the chamber and delivered therefrom after reduction ofpressure, of valve-controlling mechanism, and means whereby the ultimatepressure in the chamberaut-omatically acts on the controlling mechanismto cut off the supplies of gas and liquid and open the pressure-reducingValve and a discharge-outlet for the aerated prod not.

5. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberhaving inletopenings communicating with separate supplies of gas andliquids, of an inlet-controlling valve, a pressure-reducing valve, a discharge-valve, and a valve-controlling device which only requires toreceive a single movement by the operator to admit gas and liquid to thechamber, the ultimate pressure in which automatically causes thecontrolling device to cut off the supply of gas and liquid and alsocauses the pressure-reducing valve and the discharge-valve to hesuccessively opened and the aerated liquid delivered.

6. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which are admitted liquid and gas simultaneously and from separatesources,theliquid beingaerated in the chamber and delivered therefromafter reduction of pressure, of valve-controlling mechanism, and meanswhereby the ultimate pressure in the aerating-chamber automatically actson the controlling mechanism to cut off the supplies of gas and liquid,open the pressure-reducing valve and a discharge-outlet for the aeratedproduct.

7. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamber, ofa pressurereducing valve, a discharge-valve, a plurality ofconduitscommunicating with separate supplies of gas and liquid, a valvecontrolling all the inlet-conduits, and a spindle connected with thesevalves and actuated initially by hand and subsequently automatically bythe ultimate pressure in the chamber, substantially as described.

8. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamber, ofa plurality of conduits communicating with separate supplies of gas andliquids, a valve controlling all the conduits, a spring-controlledpressure-1e ducing valve, a spring-controlled dischargevalve,ahand-operated device operatively connected with the aforesaid valves andmeans whereby the ultimate pressure in the chamber automatically acts onthe hand-operated device substantially as described.

9. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberhaving a plurality of conduits communicating with separate supplies ofgas and liquids, of a valve controlling all the conduits, apressure-reducing Valve adapted to be closed mechanically and opened bythe resultant pressure in the chamber, a discharge-valve adapted to beclosed mechanically, held closed by the resultant pressure in thechamber and opened by a spring and means for controlling these valves.

10. In apparatusfor aerating liquids, the combination With a chambernormally empty, of a plurality of conduits communicating with separatesupplies of gas and liquids, a valvecontrolling mechanism comprising aspindle and a rotatable member adapted to .rotate together and moveaxially independent of each other, a valve operatively connected withthe controlling mechanism and adapted on the initial movement of thecontrolling mechanism to simultaneously put all the conduits incommunication with the receptacle, a discharge-valve which is closed bythe rotatable memberon the initial movement of the controlling mechanismagainst the action of a spring and remains closed under the pressure inthe chamber, a pressure-reducing valve closed by a spring which holdsthe inlet-valve on its seat and adapted to be opened by the pressure inthe chambeigmeans for rotating the spindle, means for moving the spindleand rotatable memberaxially,aflange on the spindle on which the pressurein the chamber acts to move the spindle axially outward to allow it toreturn to its normal position under the action of a spring to open theoutlet-valve and close the inlet-valve, substantially as described.

11. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamber,of a plurality of conduits communicating with separate sources of gasand liquid supplies, a valve controlling all the conduitssimultaneously, a rotatable hollow member adapted to move the conduitcontrolling valve off its seat, a spindle for rotating the hollowmember, each being capable of independent axial movement, aspring-controlled pressure-reducing valve, means for operating thepressure-reducing valve, a spring-controlled dischargevalve adapted tobe closed by the rotatable member and means for controlling the rotaryand axial movement of the aforesaid spindle.

12. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamber,of a plurality of conduits communicating with separate sources of gasand liquid supplies, a valve controlling all the conduitssimultaneously, a rotatable hollow member adapted to move theconduit-controlling valve off its seat, a spindle for rotating thehollow member each being capable of independent axial movement, aspring-controlled pressure-reducing valve adapted to be opened by theresultant pressure in the chamber, a spring-controlled discharge-valveadapted to be closed by the rotatable member, and means for controllingthe rotary and axial movement of the aforesaid spindle and rotatablemember.

13. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the

combination with a chamber, of a plurality of coaxial conduits, a valvecontrolling all the conduits, a hollow member adapted to rotate on thevalve and move it from its seat, a spindle rotatably connected to thehollow member between which and the spindle is a certain amount ofindependent longitudinal movement, means for moving the rotatable memberaxially, and means for moving the spindle axially outward, apressure-reducing Valve, means for operating it, a dischargevalve and.means for operating it.

14. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberhaving a plurality of inlet-conduits communicating with separate sourcesof gas and liquid supply, and a valve controlling all the conduits, of apipe communicating with the interior of the receptacle, and apressm'e-reducing chamber, of a valve closing the outlets of thepressure-reducing chamber, a spring tending to retain thepressure-reducing valve on its seat, a head on the valve-stem on whichthe resultant pressure in the chamber acts to open the pressure-reducingvalve, a discharge-valve, and means forsuccessively operating thesevalves.

15. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberhaving a plurality of inlet-conduits communicating with separate sonrces of gas and liquid supply, and a valve controlling all the conduits,a pressure-reducing chamber communicating with the chamber and theatmosphere, a valve con* trolling the outlet of the pressure-reducingchamber, and means for operating this valve, of a discharge-valve havinga stem and a piston sliding in a guide-tube, a spring tending to liftthe discharge-valve from its seat, the discharge-valve being adapted tobe closedby means for operating the conduit-valve and to be held closedby the pressure of liquid and gas in the chamber.

16. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberhaving a plurality of gas and liquid inlets, of a valve adapted tosimultaneously control these inlets, a rotatable member on the valve, ascrew-thread on the rotatable member, a cooperating screwthread on thecasing, a spindle rotating with the rotary member, and capable oflongitu dinal movement therein, a head on the spindle, a projection onthe head, a cam on the casing with which the projection engages, aspring for returning the spindle and the parts operatively connectedtherewith to their normal position, a pressure-reducing valve, and adischarge-valve substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

17. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with theaerating-chamber, the gas and liquid conduits, the valve controllingthem, and the rotatable member and spindle of a pressure-reducing valve,a stem on said valve located within the conduit-controlling valve, ahead on the stem, a spring disposed between the said head and the valve,a discharge-valve so disposed that the pressure in the chamber tends tohold it closed, a rod on said valve, a head on the rod by which therotatable member closes the valve, and a spring tending to open thedischarge-valve, substantially as described.

18. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with anaerating-chamber, of a hollow support, a series of disks placed side byside in the support and having a peripheral annular flange projecting inone direc tion, and a hollow central hub projecting in the oppositedirection, pipes connecting the chambers, formed by these disks Withseparate supplies of liquid and gas, an outletorifice formed by thecentral hub of each chamber and opening into the aerating-chamber, avalve controlling all the outlet-orifices, a pressure-reducing valve, adischarge-valve, and a controlling device for successively operatingthese valves, substantially as described and shown.

19. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with anaerating-chamber, of a hollow support, a series of disks placed side byside in the support and having a peripheral annular flange projecting inone direction and a hollow central hub projecting in the oppositedirection, pipes connecting the chambers formed by these disks withseparate supplies of liquid and gas, an outlet-orifice formed by thecentral hub of each chamber and opening into the aerating-chamber, avalve controlling all the outlet-orifices, a pressure-reducing valve, avalve normally closing the outlet, of a pressurereducing chamberarranged coaXi-ally with the aforesaid chamber, a pipe by which thepressurereducing chamber communicates with the aerating-chamber, adischarge-valve and a controlling device operatively connected to theinlet, pressure-reducing and discharge valves, substantially asdescribed.

20. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which gas and liquid are admitted from separate sources the liquidbeing aerated in the chamber and 1 delivered therefrom after reductionof the pressure, of valve controlling mechanism, means for operating thecontrolling mechanism manually, means whereby the ultimate pressure inthe chamber automatically acts on the controlling; mechanism, to cut offthe supplies of gas and liquid and to open a discharge-outlet for theaerated liquid and a device for indicating the pressure within theaeratirig-chamber substantially as described.

21. In apparatus for aerating liquids, the combination with a chamberinto which gas and liquid are admitted from separate sources, the liquidbeing aerated in the chamber and delivered therefrom after reduction ofthe pressure, of valve controlling mechanism, means for operating thecontrolling mechanism mauually, means whereby the ultimate pressure inthe chamber automatically acts on the controlling mechanism to cut offthe supplies of gas and liquid and to open a discharge-outlet for theaerated liquid, at pressure-reducing device, and a device for indicatingthe pressure Within the aerating-chamber substantially as described.

In testimony whereof We have signed our names to this specification inthe presence of two subscribing witnesses.

FRANK GEORGE HAMPSON. HARRY SWALES.

Witnesses:

A. MCKENZIE, WALTER J. SKERTEN.

